<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<issue>
  <title>Volume 2, Issue 1</title>
  <volume>2</volume>
  <number>1</number>
  <year>2025</year>
  <date>2025-06-19</date>
  <url>https://ijad.ibupress.com/issue/international-journal-of-art-and-design-1227</url>
  <journal>
    <title>International Journal of Art and Design</title>
    <issn>2955-2397</issn>
    <eissn>2955-2400</eissn>
    <publisher>Balkan University Press</publisher>
    <url>https://ijad.ibupress.com</url>
  </journal>
  <articles>
    <article>
      <title>How Knowledgeable are Graphic Design Faculties about the Universal Design for Learning Framework? Evidence from selected Technical Universities in Ghana</title>
      <slug>how-knowledgeable-are-graphic-design-faculties-about-the-universal-design-for-learning-framework-evidence-from-selected-technical-universities-in-ghana</slug>
      <parent>
        <title>Volume 2, Issue 1</title>
      </parent>
      <post_type>
        <title>Research Article</title>
      </post_type>
      <year>2025</year>
      <volume>2</volume>
      <content><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">Although there is a preponderance of evidence in support of the fact that Universal Design for Learning remains one of the most ideal educational frameworks for addressing leaner variability, research into the knowledge base of educators regarding the phenomenon in the Ghanaian context has rather been limited. This study was aimed at assessing the knowledge levels of Graphic Design Faculties (GDFs) about the Universal Design for Learning Framework (UDL) across selected Technical Universities in Ghana. Driven quantitatively and operationalised as a simple descriptive survey, an accessible population of 61 GDFs responded to a four-point rating scale, which measured their knowledge levels in terms of their beliefs and understandings of general and specific fundamental concepts about UDL. However, data from only 51 usable copies were analysed and concluded for the study. The indication from the findings were that the GDFs in general held average or medium knowledge levels about UDL (MM =2.521), with 43.7% of the sample recording average or medium knowledge, 25% with high knowledge, and the remaining 31.3% reported low or limited knowledge about UDL. The study yielded an urgent need to, among other interventions, develop UDL resource packs as well as provide UDL-focused continuous faculty development and training programmes by the universities to compensate for the knowledge gaps in the short to medium terms.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Keywords: knowledge levels, universal design for learning, graphic design faculties, technical universities</p>]]></content>
      <references><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">Al-Azidiyenn, N.J., Mei, L. &amp; Fook, F. S. (2010). Teachers’ attitudes and levels of technology use<br>in classrooms: The case of Jordan schools. International Education Studies, 3(2), 211-218.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Almumen, H.A. (2020). Universal design for learning (UDL) across cultures: The application of<br>UDL in Kuwaiti inclusive classrooms. Sage Open, 10(4), p.2158244020969674.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Alquraini, T.A. &amp; Rao, S.M. (2020. Assessing teachers’ knowledge, readiness, and needs to implement<br>Universal Design for Learning in classrooms in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of<br>Inclusive Education, 24(1), pp.103-114.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Anstead, M.E.J. (2016). Teachers perceptions of barriers to universal design for learning. Doctoral<br>dissertation, Walden University.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Areekkuzhiyil, S. (2022). Universal Design Learning. Edutracks, Hyderabad, 21(5).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Banes, D., Hayes, A., Kurz, C. &amp; Kushalnagar, R. (2019). Using information communications<br>technologies (ICT) to implement universal design for learning (UDL).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Baucham, M.S. (2020). A transcendental phenomenological study of faculty use of Universal Design<br>for Learning that includes multiple means of expression while teaching online general<br>education courses at a technical college.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Behling, K.T., &amp; Tobin, T.J. (2018). Reach everyone, teach everyone: Universal design for learning<br>in higher education. West Virginia University Press.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Berquist, E., &amp; Dalton, E. (2016). UDL in Higher Education: Getting Started!. In Society for Information<br>Technology &amp; Teacher Education International Conference (pp. 1844-1848). Association<br>for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Best, K.W. (2016). Understanding the impact of a global universal design for learning (UDL) virtual<br>classroom on Jamaican educators through the lens of how people learn (HPL). Virginia<br>Commonwealth University.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Blackwell, C.K., Lauricella, A.R., &amp; Wartella, E. (2014). Factors influencing digital technology use<br>in early childhood education. Computers &amp; Education, 77, pp.82-90.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Bouck, E.C. (2010). Technology and students with disabilities: Does it solve all the problems. In<br>Current issues and trends in special education: Research, technology, and teacher preparation<br>(Vol. 20, pp. 91-104). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Brand, B.R., &amp; Glasson, G.E. (2004). Crossing cultural borders into science teaching: Early life<br>experiences, racial and ethnic identities, and beliefs about diversity. Journal of Research in<br>Science Teaching: The Official Journal of the National Association for Research in Science<br>Teaching, 41(2), pp.119-141</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Braun, A.M., &amp; Okwako-Riekkola, B. (2018). Ujamaa and Universal Design: Developing sustainable<br>tactile curricular materials in rural Tanzania. Disability, CBR &amp; Inclusive Development,<br>29(2), pp.128-136.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Buckland Parker, H. (2013). Learning starts with design: Higher education faculty explore the<br>use of universal design for learning (UDL) to address the needs of all students.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Burgstahler, S. (2020). Creating inclusive learning opportunities in higher education: A universal<br>design toolkit (pp. 47-48). Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Canter, L.L.S., King, L.H., Williams, J.B., Metcalf, D., &amp; Potts, K.R.M. (2017). Evaluating pedagogy<br>and practice of universal design for learning in public schools. Exceptionality Education<br>International, 27(1).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">CAST. (2018). Universal design for learning guidelines (version 2.2). Available at: http://udl guidelines.<br>cast.org [Accessed on October, 2019]</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Chen, H., Evans, D., &amp; Luu, B. (2023). Moving towards inclusive education: Secondary school<br>teacher attitudes towards universal design for learning in Australia. Australasian Journal of<br>Special and Inclusive Education, 47(1), pp.1-13.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Chiwandire, D. (2019). Universal Design for Learning and disability inclusion in South African<br>Higher Education Curriculum. Alternation, 27.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Clyne, C.S. (2021). Modelling Universal Design for Learning to faculty as learners developing<br>engaging educators. Doctoral dissertation. University of Northern British Columbia.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Courtad, C.A. (2019). Making your classroom smart: Universal design for learning and technology.<br>In Smart education and e-learning 2019 (pp. 501-510). Springer Singapore.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Craig, S.L., Smith, S.J., &amp; Frey, B.B. (2022). Professional development with universal design for<br>learning: supporting teachers as learners to increase the implementation of UDL. Professional<br>Development in Education, 48(1), pp.22-37.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Creswell, J.W. (2009). Mapping the field of mixed methods research. Journal of mixed methods<br>research, 3(2), pp.95-108.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Dallas, B.K., Sprong, M.E., &amp; Kluesner, B.K. (2016). Multiuniversity comparison of faculty attitudes<br>and use of universal design instructional techniques. Rehabilitation Research, Policy,<br>and Education, 30(2), pp.148-160.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Dallas, B.K., Upton, T.D., &amp; Sprong, M.E. (2014). Post-secondary faculty attitudes toward inclusive<br>teaching strategies. Journal of rehabilitation, 80(2), p.12.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Dalton, E.M. (2017). Beyond Universal Design for Learning: Guiding Principles to Reduce Barriers<br>to Digital &amp; Media Literacy Competence. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 9(2), pp.17-29.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Davies, P.L., Schelly, C.L., &amp; Spooner, C.L. (2013). Measuring the effectiveness of Universal Design<br>for Learning intervention in postsecondary education. Journal of Postsecondary Education<br>and Disability, 26(3), pp.195-220.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Deku, P. (2017). Application of Universal Design in Early Childhood Education Environments: A<br>Model for Facilitating Inclusion of Children with Disabilities in Ghana. European Journal of<br>Special Education Research, 2(6): 60-78</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Dempsey, A.M., Hunt, E., Lone, M., &amp; Nolan, Y.M. (2023). Awareness of Universal Design for<br>Learning among anatomy educators in higher level institutions in the Republic of Ireland<br>and United Kingdom. Clinical Anatomy, 36(1), pp.137-150.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Dolan, J.E. (2016). Splicing the divide: A review of research on the evolving digital divide among<br>K–12 students. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 48(1), pp.16-37.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Edwards-Hudson, N. (2022). Instructional Equity: Leveraging Universal Design for Learning to<br>Address the Barrier of Race. Doctoral dissertation. Houston Baptist University.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Edyburn, D.L. (2010). Would you recognize universal design for learning if you saw it? Ten propositions<br>for new directions for the second decade of UDL. Learning Disability Quarterly,<br>33(1), pp.33-41.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Ertmer, P.A. (2005). Teacher pedagogical beliefs: The final frontier in our quest for technology<br>integration?. Educational technology research and development, 53(4), pp.25-39.<br>Ertmer, P.A., Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A.T., Sadik, O., Sendurur, E., &amp; Sendurur, P. (2012). Teacher<br>beliefs and technology integration practices: A critical relationship. Computers &amp; education,<br>59(2), pp.423-435.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Evmenova, A. (2018). Preparing teachers to use universal design for learning to support diverse<br>learners. Journal of Online Learning Research, 4(2), pp.147-171.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Gay, L., Mills, G., &amp; Airasian, P. (2006). Educational Research: Competences for Analysis and<br>Applications. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Glass, D., Meyer, A., &amp; Rose, D. (2013). Universal design for learning and the arts. Harvard Educational<br>Review, 83(1), pp.98-119.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Goodwin, L.D. (2002). Changing conceptions of measurement validity: an update on the new<br>standards. Journal of Nursing Education, 41(3), pp.100-106.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Griful-Freixenet, J., Struyven, K., &amp; Vantieghem, W. (2021a). Toward more inclusive education:<br>an empirical test of the universal design for learning conceptual model among preservice<br>teachers. Journal of Teacher Education, 72(3), pp.381-395.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Griful-Freixenet, J., Struyven, K., &amp; Vantieghem, W. (2021b). Exploring pre-service teachers’<br>beliefs and practices about two inclusive frameworks: Universal Design for Learning and<br>differentiated instruction. Teaching and Teacher Education, 107, p.103503.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E., &amp; Tatham, R.L. (7th Ed.). (2010). Multivariate<br>data analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.</p>]]></references>
      <keywords>knowledge levels, universal design for learning, graphic design faculties, technical universities</keywords>
      <date>2025-06-19</date>
      <url>https://ijad.ibupress.com/articles/how-knowledgeable-are-graphic-design-faculties-about-the-universal-design-for-learning-framework-evidence-from-selected-technical-universities-in-ghana</url>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <pages>1-30</pages>
      <doi>10.69648/NOWZ6877</doi>
      <language>en</language>
      <license>CC BY-NC-ND 4.0</license>
      <license_url>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</license_url>
      <pdf>https://ijad.ibupress.com/file/527/ibu-journal-ijad-2-1.pdf</pdf>
      <authors>
        <author>
          <first_name>Nana A.A.</first_name>
          <last_name>Opoku-Asare</last_name>
          <affiliation>Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana,</affiliation>
          <corresponding>true</corresponding>
        </author>
        <author>
          <first_name>Dennis</first_name>
          <last_name>A. Dake</last_name>
          <affiliation>Tamale Technical University, Tamale, Ghana,</affiliation>
        </author>
        <author>
          <first_name>Steve</first_name>
          <last_name>Kquofi</last_name>
          <affiliation>Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana</affiliation>
        </author>
        <author>
          <first_name>Macharious</first_name>
          <last_name>Nabang</last_name>
          <affiliation>Bagabaga College of Education, Tamale, Ghana</affiliation>
        </author>
        <author>
          <first_name>Harold M.</first_name>
          <last_name>Awinzeligo</last_name>
          <affiliation>Bolgatanga Technical University, Tamale, Ghana,</affiliation>
        </author>
        <author>
          <first_name>Musah</first_name>
          <last_name>Bukari</last_name>
          <affiliation>Tamale Technical University, Tamale, Ghana</affiliation>
        </author>
      </authors>
      <journal>
        <title>International Journal of Art and Design</title>
        <issn>2955-2397</issn>
        <eissn>2955-2400</eissn>
        <publisher>Balkan University Press</publisher>
        <url>https://ijad.ibupress.com</url>
      </journal>
    </article>
    <article>
      <title>Mind-Building Sculpture: Forging Thought Through Form</title>
      <slug>mind-building-sculpture-forging-thought-through-form</slug>
      <parent>
        <title>Volume 2, Issue 1</title>
      </parent>
      <post_type>
        <title>Research Article</title>
      </post_type>
      <year>2025</year>
      <volume>2</volume>
      <content><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">This article explores the concept of mind-building sculpture—a sculptural approach that transcends aesthetics and function to engage with the intellectual, emotional, and psychological landscapes of the observer. It examines how contemporary and classical sculptors embed cognitive frameworks within form, material, and spatial interaction, transforming sculpture into a catalyst for reflection, learning, and internal transformation. Drawing on examples from art history, phenomenology, and neuroscience, the study underscores sculpture’s profound capacity to shape not only physical space but the human mind.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Keywords: mind-building, psychological, contemporary, beliefs, perceptions, emotions, and introspections cognitive, classical, intellectual, aesthetics, mind, and neuroscience.</p>]]></content>
      <references><![CDATA[<p>Ascott, R. (2003). Telematic embrace: Visionary theories of art, technology, and consciousness.<br>University of California Press.</p>
<p>Bennett, J. (2018). The enchantment of modern life: Attachments, crossings, and ethics. Princeton<br>University Press.</p>
<p>Bishop, C. (2005). Installation art: A critical history. Tate Publishing.</p>
<p>Curtis, P. (2015). Antony Gormley. Tate Publishing.</p>
<p>Danto, A. C. (2001). The Madonna of the future: Essays in a pluralistic art world. Farrar, Straus<br>and Giroux.</p>
<p>Lippard, L. R. (1983). Overlay: Contemporary art and the art of prehistory. Pantheon Books.</p>
<p>Marion, J.-L. (2000). The crossing of the visible (J. K. A. Smith, Trans.). Stanford University<br>Press.</p>
<p>Merleau-Ponty, M. (1962). Phenomenology of perception (C. Smith, Trans.). Routledge &amp; Kegan<br>Paul.</p>
<p>Noë, A. (2004). Action in perception. MIT Press.</p>
<p>Smith, K. (2011). Ai Weiwei. Phaidon Press.</p>
<p>Wilson, S. (2010). Art + science now: How scientific research and technological innovation are<br>becoming key to 21st-century aesthetics. Thames &amp; Hudson.</p>
<p>Winner, E., Goldstein, T. R., &amp; Vincent-Lancrin, S. (2013). Art for art’s sake? The impact of arts<br>education. OECD Publishing.</p>
<p>Zeki, S. (1999). Inner vision: An exploration of art and the brain. Oxford University Press.</p>]]></references>
      <keywords>mind-building, psychological, contemporary, beliefs, perceptions, emotions, and introspections cognitive, classical, intellectual, aesthetics, mind, and neuroscience</keywords>
      <date>2025-06-19</date>
      <url>https://ijad.ibupress.com/articles/mind-building-sculpture-forging-thought-through-form</url>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <pages>47-54</pages>
      <doi>10.69648/LIGB7560</doi>
      <language>en</language>
      <license>CC BY-NC-ND 4.0</license>
      <license_url>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</license_url>
      <pdf>https://ijad.ibupress.com/file/526/ibu-journal-ijad-2-3.pdf</pdf>
      <authors>
        <author>
          <first_name>Akpowowo</first_name>
          <last_name>Bensandy Ozokeraha</last_name>
          <affiliation>Department of Fine Art and Industrial Design, Faculty of Environmental Sciences Southern Delta University, Ozoro, Delta state, Nigeria</affiliation>
          <corresponding>true</corresponding>
        </author>
      </authors>
      <journal>
        <title>International Journal of Art and Design</title>
        <issn>2955-2397</issn>
        <eissn>2955-2400</eissn>
        <publisher>Balkan University Press</publisher>
        <url>https://ijad.ibupress.com</url>
      </journal>
    </article>
    <article>
      <title>Ottoman Historicism in Contemporary Hammams: A Case Study of Istanbul’s Luxury Hospitality Sector</title>
      <slug>ottoman-historicism-in-contemporary-hammams-a-case-study-of-istanbul-s-luxury-hospitality-sector</slug>
      <parent>
        <title>Volume 2, Issue 1</title>
      </parent>
      <post_type>
        <title>Research Article</title>
      </post_type>
      <year>2025</year>
      <volume>2</volume>
      <content><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">This study investigates the reinterpretation of properties of traditional Ottoman hammams in the interior design of contemporary hammams within Istanbul’s luxury hospitality sector. Rooted in a tradition that spans from Roman and Byzantine bathhouses to Ottoman architectural refinement, hammams have historically served as vital social and cultural spaces in Turkish life. Today, many high-end hotels in Istanbul integrate these historical references to evoke a sense of authenticity, heritage, and luxury. The research focuses on 5-star hotels chosen in the historic center and the Bosphorus waterfront of Istanbul. Based on a Purposive Sampling approach, data was collected through visual analysis integrating the Convenience Sampling methodology. The findings reveal that while some design elements—such as domes, marble finishes, and geometric tilework—closely mimic historical precedents, others are subtly adapted to meet modern expectations of comfort, functionality, and aesthetics. This study highlights the dynamic balance between authenticity and innovation in contemporary interior design. It contributes to the broader discourse on cultural continuity in hospitality design and offers insights for incorporating historical narratives into modern interiors.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Keywords: Ottoman hammams, interior design, luxury hospitality, cultural continuity, heritage architecture</p>]]></content>
      <references><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">Encyclopaedia Britannica. (n.d.). Turkish bath. Retrieved May 30, 2025, from https://www.britannica.<br>com/technology/Turkish-bath-plumbing</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Eyice, S., Uzun, M. İ., &amp; Albayrak, N. (1997). Hamam. In TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi. Retrieved May<br>30, 2025, from https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/hamam</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Gül, Murat. “TARİHÎ ÇEVREDE YENİ TASARIM: ‘TARİHSELCİLİK’ VE MODERNİN KARŞITLIĞI”.<br>Milli Saraylar Sanat Tarih Mimarlık Dergisi, sy. 26 (Haziran 2024): 5-19.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., &amp; Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive<br>sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1–4. https://doi.<br>org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Palys, T. (2008). Purposive sampling. In L. M. Given (Ed.), The SAGE encyclopedia of qualitative<br>research methods (Vol. 2, pp. 697–698). SAGE Publications. https://doi.<br>org/10.4135/9781412963909.n349</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative Research &amp; Evaluation Methods: Integrating Theory and Practice<br>(4th ed.). Sage Publications.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Yenişehirlioğlu, F. Ç. 2012. “Tarih, Tarihsellik, Tarihselcilik ve Kültürel Tüketim,” (History, Historical,<br>Historicity and Cultural Consumption), Bilanço: 1923-1998, Istanbul: Turkish Social<br>and Economic History Foundation, 1998. Erişim tarihi: 13/06/2017 https://www.academia.<br>edu/3749225/Tarih_Tarihsellik_Tarihselcilik_ve_Kültürel_Tüketi m</p>]]></references>
      <keywords>Ottoman hammams, interior design, luxury hospitality, cultural continuity, heritage architecture</keywords>
      <date>2025-06-19</date>
      <url>https://ijad.ibupress.com/articles/ottoman-historicism-in-contemporary-hammams-a-case-study-of-istanbul-s-luxury-hospitality-sector</url>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <pages>31-46</pages>
      <doi>10.69648/LLAW8704</doi>
      <language>en</language>
      <license>CC BY-NC-ND 4.0</license>
      <license_url>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</license_url>
      <pdf>https://ijad.ibupress.com/file/525/ibu-journal-ijad-2-2low.pdf</pdf>
      <authors>
        <author>
          <first_name>Ferhan</first_name>
          <last_name>Egemen Sunal</last_name>
          <affiliation>International Balkan University</affiliation>
          <corresponding>true</corresponding>
        </author>
      </authors>
      <journal>
        <title>International Journal of Art and Design</title>
        <issn>2955-2397</issn>
        <eissn>2955-2400</eissn>
        <publisher>Balkan University Press</publisher>
        <url>https://ijad.ibupress.com</url>
      </journal>
    </article>
    <article>
      <title>Arts, Movies and Moral Reflections</title>
      <slug>arts-movies-and-moral-reflections</slug>
      <parent>
        <title>Volume 2, Issue 1</title>
      </parent>
      <post_type>
        <title>Research Article</title>
      </post_type>
      <year>2025</year>
      <volume>2</volume>
      <content><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">This paper reflects on the intricate relationship between visual art, moving pictures, and moral reflection. It considers how art, especially cinema, functions not only as an aesthetic or cultural product, but as a space for ethical encounter and moral engagement. Through a multidisciplinary lens that bridges philosophy, ethics, and visual studies, the text examines the capacity of artistic practices to challenge, shape, and awaken moral awareness in both the creator and the observer. Drawing on the case of 12 Angry Men by Sidney Lumet, the paper explores how cinematic narrative, when rooted in empathy and ethical intent, can provoke deep introspection about justice, prejudice, and personal responsibility. Art is presented here not merely as an object of contemplation, but as a living dialogue between the individual and the collective, between aesthetic form and ethical substance. The study invites us to recognize the subtle yet potent ways in which visual culture contributes to the shaping of ethical consciousness in a media-saturated world.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Keywords: visual art, ethics, moral reflection, cinema, responsibility, empathy, cultural influence</p>]]></content>
      <references><![CDATA[<p>Macneill, P. (2014). Ethics and the arts. Springer Press.</p>
<p>Resnik, D. B. (1998). The ethics of science: An introduction. Routledge.</p>
<p>Ognenovski, T. (2019). Rhetorical dictionary of terms and definitions. Makedonika Literatura.</p>
<p>Filipović, V. (1984). Philosophical dictionary. Matica Hrvatska Publishing House.<br>Kant, I. (1966). Collected works. Mysl Publishing.</p>
<p>Hooker, C. (2014). Ethics and the arts in the medical humanities. The Medical Journal of Australia,<br>201(7 Suppl), S23–S25.</p>
<p>Tolstoy, L. N. (1897). What is art?</p>
<p>Borev, Y. (2008). Aesthetics. Makedonska Reč.</p>
<p>Donev, D. (2018). Introduction to ethics. Ss. Cyril and Methodius University.</p>
<p>Donev, D. (2019). Ethics handbook. Ss. Cyril and Methodius University.</p>
<p>Carroll, N. (2000). Art and ethical criticism. Ethics, 110(2), 350–385. University of Chicago Press.</p>
<p>White, J. (1992). Morality and art. University College London.</p>
<p>Carroll, N., &amp; Choi, J. (Eds.). (2007). Philosophy of film and motion pictures: An anthology. Blackwell<br>Publishing.</p>
<p>Giovannelli, A. (2007). The ethical criticism of art: A new mapping of the territory. Springer<br>Science + Business Media B.V.</p>
<p>Becker, C. (Ed.). (1994). The subversive imagination: Artists, society, and social responsibility.<br>Routledge.</p>
<p>Galenson, D. W. (2018). Conceptual revolutions in 20th-century art. Polica.</p>
<p>Hauser, A. (2005). Social history of art and literature (Z. Stojanović, Trans.). Zoran Stojanović<br>Publishing.</p>
<p>Miller, J. (2013). Film and ethics. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.</p>
<p>Nichevski, D. (2017). Ethical investigations. Slovo.</p>]]></references>
      <keywords>visual art, ethics, moral reflection, cinema, responsibility, empathy, cultural influence</keywords>
      <date>2025-06-19</date>
      <url>https://ijad.ibupress.com/articles/arts-movies-and-moral-reflections</url>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <pages>55-67</pages>
      <doi>10.69648/VJGJ1355</doi>
      <language>en</language>
      <license>CC BY-NC-ND 4.0</license>
      <license_url>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</license_url>
      <pdf>https://ijad.ibupress.com/file/524/ibu-journal-ijad-2-4.pdf</pdf>
      <authors>
        <author>
          <first_name>Srdjan</first_name>
          <last_name>Mićić</last_name>
          <affiliation>International Balkan University, Faculty of Art and Design, Skopje, N. Macedonia</affiliation>
          <corresponding>true</corresponding>
        </author>
      </authors>
      <journal>
        <title>International Journal of Art and Design</title>
        <issn>2955-2397</issn>
        <eissn>2955-2400</eissn>
        <publisher>Balkan University Press</publisher>
        <url>https://ijad.ibupress.com</url>
      </journal>
    </article>
    <article>
      <title>Dreams, Subconscious, and Visual Ideation: A Jungian Approach to Graphic Design</title>
      <slug>dreams-subconscious-and-visual-ideation-a-jungian-approach-to-graphic-design</slug>
      <parent>
        <title>Volume 2, Issue 1</title>
      </parent>
      <post_type>
        <title>Research Article</title>
      </post_type>
      <year>2025</year>
      <volume>2</volume>
      <content><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;">This paper explores the profound relationship between Jungian psychology and graphic design, focusing on how the subconscious and archetypal imagery inform visual ideation. Jung believes that man produce symbols consciously as well as unconsciously in a form of dreams which are a great aspect of psychological importance. (Kejriwal &amp; Nandagopal, 2015). Drawing on Carl Gustav Jung’s concepts of the personal and collective unconscious, archetypes, dreams, and the process of active imagination, the study reveals how symbolic thought can provoke creative expression that transcends technical execution. Through a synthesis of psychological theory and design pedagogy, it examines how methods such as dream analysis and introspective visualization can be consciously applied in the design studio to access inner imagery and stimulate original outcomes. Case studies from contemporary educational practice, alongside the surrealist works of H.R. Giger, Salvador Dalí, and Vasko Tashkovski, illustrate the intuitive bridge between subconscious content and visual form. Ultimately, the paper positions graphic design not merely as a craft but as a site of individuation, where personal mythologies and collective patterns converge to produce meaningfully symbolic work. A Jungian approach thus affirms the role of design as both a mirror and a vessel of the psyche.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Keywords: Jungian psychology, graphic design, archetypes, subconscious, visual ideation, active imagination, symbolism, individuation, dream analysis, creative process</p>]]></content>
      <references><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: left;">Chen, K.-H., &amp; Ling, T. (2010). Creativity-provoking design education based on Jungian psychoanalysis<br>theory. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2, 4555–4560.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Jung, C. G. (1964). Man and his symbols. Doubleday.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Jung, C. G. (1959). The archetypes and the collective unconscious. Princeton University Press.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Erazo Andrade, S. P., Masunah, J., &amp; Milyartini, R. (2022). Art creation using active imagination<br>to express collective unconsciousness. In Proceedings of the 26th World Multi-Conference<br>on Systems, Cybernetics and Informatics (WMSCI).</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Freeman, J. (Ed.). (1964). Man and his symbols (Introduction and Jung’s chapter). Dell.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Taškovski. (2017). Taškovski: Akvareli / Watercolours (D. Kabaševska, Ed.; E. Sinadinovska, Trans.).Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts; Matica Makedonska Publishing House.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Kejriwal, M., &amp; Nandagopal, C. (2015). Carl Jung’s approach to symbolism: with special reference<br>to visual art. Humanities and Social Sciences, 3, 934–937.<br>Fu, Z. (2022). Art in the Dream World - Surrealism. 1(1), 14–16. https://doi.org/10.54097/hiaad.<br>v1i1.1564</p>]]></references>
      <keywords>Jungian psychology, graphic design, archetypes, subconscious, visual ideation, active imagination, symbolism, individuation, dream analysis, creative process</keywords>
      <date>2025-06-19</date>
      <url>https://ijad.ibupress.com/articles/dreams-subconscious-and-visual-ideation-a-jungian-approach-to-graphic-design</url>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <pages>69-85</pages>
      <doi>10.69648/SQDJ5622</doi>
      <language>en</language>
      <license>CC BY-NC-ND 4.0</license>
      <license_url>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</license_url>
      <pdf>https://ijad.ibupress.com/file/523/ibu-journal-ijad-2-5low.pdf</pdf>
      <authors>
        <author>
          <first_name>Vladimir S.</first_name>
          <last_name>Gjorgjieski</last_name>
          <affiliation>International Balkan University</affiliation>
          <corresponding>true</corresponding>
        </author>
        <author>
          <first_name>Mario</first_name>
          <last_name>Kaev</last_name>
          <affiliation>International Balkan University</affiliation>
        </author>
      </authors>
      <journal>
        <title>International Journal of Art and Design</title>
        <issn>2955-2397</issn>
        <eissn>2955-2400</eissn>
        <publisher>Balkan University Press</publisher>
        <url>https://ijad.ibupress.com</url>
      </journal>
    </article>
  </articles>
</issue>